Parisian music hall and variety-entertainment theatre that is one of the major tourist attractions of France. Following its opening in a new theatre on May 1, 1869, the Folies became one of the first major music halls in Paris. During its early years it presented a mixed program of operetta and pantomime, with the renowned mime Pierre Legrand performing the latter.

also named Malcolm X Boulevard; both names are officially recognized – is the primary north–south route through Harlem in the upper portion of the New York City borough of Manhattan. This two-way street runs from Farmers' Gate at Central Park North (110th Street) to 147th Street. From 119th Street to 123rd Street, Lenox Avenue is part of the Mount Morris Park Historic District, designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1971.

The avenue was the heart of Harlem during the Harlem Renaissance in the 1930s. The street brought together African Americans, Latinos, British West Indians, and Spaniards who developed relationships over common interests such as jazz and food. In 1932, Harlem was so firmly established as the world capital of jazz and African-American culture in general that "black cinema" films like Harlem Is Heaven were playing on the nation's big screens. Jazz flourished and grew like it could have in no other time and place. Lenox Avenue is thought by some to be one of the most important streets in the world for African American culture.

The Savoy Ballroom was located between 140th and 141st Streets on Lenox Avenue. Other historical venues of Lenox Avenue are Sylvia's Restaurant, located between 126th and 127th; and the Lenox Lounge, located between 124th and 125th.

a class in which students receive lessons and assignments in the mail or by e-mail and then return completed assignments in order to receive a grade

Nickname for Josephine Baker

the act of using all or a lot of money, time, etc., in a foolish way; behavior that shows you are

interested only in pleasure, money, etc

Sugar Hill is a United States historic district in the northern part of the Hamilton Heights section of the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It is roughly bounded by West 155th Street to the north, West 145th Street to the south, Edgecombe Avenue to the east, and Amsterdam Avenue to the west

Bathtub gin refers to any style of homemade spirit made in amateur conditions. The term first appeared in 1920, in the prohibition-era United States, in reference to the poor-quality alcohol that was being made.

As gin was the predominant drink in the 1920s, many variations were created by mixing cheap grain alcohol with water and flavorings and other agents, such as juniper berry juice and glycerin

Basement Saloon on West 35th street owned by Ike Hines. Started around 1860.

officially Avenue des Champs-Élysées (French: “Avenue of the Elysian Fields”), broad avenue in Paris, one of the world’s most famous, which stretches 1.17 miles (1.88 km) from the Arc de Triomphe to the Place de la Concorde. It is divided into two parts by the Rond-Point (“roundabout”) des Champs-Élysées. The lower part, toward the Place de la Concorde (and beyond, the Tuileries Gardens), is surrounded by gardens, museums, theatres, and a few restaurants. The upper part, toward the Arc de Triomphe, was traditionally the site of luxury shops and hotels, restaurants and pavement cafés, theatres, banks, and offices.

A large sum of money

a class of women on the fringes of respectable society supported by wealthy lovers; the world of prostitution; a distinct circle or world that is often an isolated part of a larger world; one having low reputation or prestige

People who subscribe to the a 20th century racial and political doctrine advocating black separation and the formation of self-governing black nations in Africa

the educated class; persons interested in literature or the arts

also called New York Amsterdam News, one of the most influential and oldest continuously published African American newspapers, based in Harlem in New York City. It predominately treats issues in African American culture, especially events in and issues concerning New York City and environs, from a black perspective. Since 2009 it has also been published online.

Amsterdam News was founded by James Anderson, who published the first edition on December 4, 1909. At that time there were already some 50 newspapers for blacks in the United States. Anderson produced the paper at his home on 65th Street and Amsterdam Avenue in the San Juan Hill neighbourhood of New York City. It began as a four-page weekly (at 2 cents per copy) that covered only metro city items, black social events, and the events at the local YMCA. Less than a decade later, the offices were relocated to 135th Street in Harlem.

By 1930 the Amsterdam News had become so successful that it was the second black newspaper in the United States (after the Chicago Defender) to have its circulation tracked. In 1932 the paper expanded and opened a Brooklyn office, but its prosperity was short-lived. In 1935—in the middle of the Great Depression—the Amsterdam News was threatened by a labour strike, one of the first such disputes between black management and black workers. Thus it was that the paper became the first completely unionized black newspaper in the United States.

The Lafayette Theatre, also known as "the House Beautiful," was an entertainment venue located at 132nd Street and 7th Avenue in Harlem, New York. The Lafayette Theatre opened in November 1912. In 1913 the Lafayette became the first major theater to desegregate. AfricanAmerican theatergoers were allowed to sit in orchestra seats instead of the balcony, to which they were relegated in other New York theaters. The Lafayette Players, the resident stock company, played before almost exclusively African-American audiences both in plays from white theater repertory and in the classics. The theater and presented such Broadway hits as Madame X and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. From 1916–1919, the theatre was managed by Quality Amusement. Robert Levy, the owner of this entertainment company, drew large audiences of both blacks and whites with his sophisticated productions and groundbreaking work with black actors.

The Lafayette Theatre reached the height of its fame with the Voodoo Macbeth, a production of Shakespeare's Macbeth, adapted and staged by Orson Welles that ran April 14–June 20, 1936. This show had an all African-American cast. It was a production of the Federal Theatre Project which was part of the Works Project Administration. The overture was by James P. Johnson and such notable actors as Canada Lee and Rose McClendon were part of the program. The production was universally known in advance as the "Voodoo Macbeth" because the setting was changed from Scotland to a fictional Caribbean island based on Haiti, and acquired its nickname due to its use of voodoo imagery in place of the witchcraft in the original play

is a public, municipally owned teaching hospital affiliated with Columbia University.It is located in New York City at 506 Lenox Avenue at 135th Street in the Harlem community of Manhattan and was founded in 1887.

Tuskegee, city, seat of Macon county, east-central Alabama, U.S., adjacent to Tuskegee National Forest, about 40 miles (65 km) east of Montgomery. It was founded in 1833, and its name was a variation of Taskigi, a nearby Creek Indian village. Fort Decatur (built 1814), near the city on the Tallapoosa River, was the original burial place of John Sevier, a noted frontiersman who had been appointed commissioner to determine the boundary of the Creek lands.

The city is best known as the seat of Tuskegee University (1881), originally a school for training African American teachers and now a private, coeducational institution of higher learning. The noted educator Booker T. Washington was principal of the school from its founding until his death in 1915

Is a private, coeducational, historically black institution of higher education in Tuskegee, Alabama, U.S. Its establishment as a school for training African American teachers was approved by the Alabama state legislature in 1880; the school still serves a predominantly black student body.

The educator Booker T. Washington founded the school in 1881 and served as its principal until his death in 1915. The Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (the school’s fourth name; 1891–1937) inculcated Washington’s principles of providing practical training for African Americans and helping them develop economic self-reliance through the mastery of manual trades and agricultural skills. In the 1920s Tuskegee shifted from vocational education to academic higher education and became an accredited, degree-granting institute. It was renamed Tuskegee Institute in 1937 and began offering graduate-level instruction in 1943; the institute was elevated to university status in 1985. The renowned agricultural chemist George Washington Carver, who headed the school’s agriculture department, conducted most of his research at Tuskegee from 1896 until his death in 1943. The school’s third president, Frederick Douglass Patterson (served 1935–53), was the founder of the United Negro College Fund (1944).

a small inexpensive establishment for eating, drinking, or dancing to the music of a jukebox or a live band

a person who is lacking in or hostile or smugly indifferent to cultural values, intellectual pursuits, aesthetic refinement, etc., or is contentedly commonplace in ideas and tastes.

Hormone research blossomed in this period. Scientists in several different laboratories developed bioassays (special tests using animals or live tissue) to identify hCG by injecting samples to induce ovulation in rabbits, frogs, toads, and rats. These tests were expensive, required the sacrifice of several animals, and slow, often taking days to get results. The tests were also insensitive when measuring hormone levels to diagnose pregnancy because of the similarity between hCG and another substance, luteinizing hormone (LH). Most bioassays were in fact unable to distinguish between the two except at extraordinarily high rates of hCG.

Herbert Evans discovered that when injected with certain fluids from the female glands a female rat would grow an abnormally large corpus luteum. These fluids were hormones now known as gonadotropins.

As women pressured doctors for help, the medical practice of abortion, legal and illegal, expanded during the 1930s. Physicians granted, for the first time, that social conditions were an essential component of medical judgment in therapeutic abortion cases. Medical recognition of social indications reveals the ways in which political and social forces shaped medical thinking and practice. A handful of radical physicians, who looked to Europe as a model, raised the possibility of liberalizing the abortion law. During these years, abortion became more concentrated in the hands of physicians in both hospitals and private offices as a result of structural changes in medicine.

If we move away from the dramatic narratives about abortion produced at inquests or in newspapers, which tell of the deaths and dangers of abortion, and step into the offices of physician-abortionists, a different story can be discerned. Abortion was not extraordinary, but ordinary. The proverbial "back-alley butcher" story, of abortion over-emphasizes fatalities and limits our understanding of the history of illegal abortion.[4] Case studies of the "professional abortionists" and their practices in the 1930s provide a unique opportunity to analyze the experiences of the tens of thousands of women who went to physician-abortionists. Many women had abortions in a setting nearly identical to the doctors' offices where they received other medical care. These doctors specialized in a single procedure, abortion. They used standard medical procedures to perform safe abortions routinely and ran what may be called abortion clinics. Furthermore, abortion specialists were an integral part of regular medicine, as the network of physicians who referred patients to these physician-abortionists demonstrates. The physician-abortionists represent the expansion of abortion during the Depression decade.